<h1>Motor Developmental Milestones</h1>
The first five years of life are a period of incredible growth in all areas of a child's development. Motor development, also called physical development, means how young children move their bodies and hands.
The Centers of Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) and the American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) released new milestone guidelines in March 2022. Here are the updated motor milestones:
2 Months
<ul>
<li>Holds head up when on tummy</li>
<li>Moves both arms and both legs</li>
<li>Opens hands briefly</li>
</ul>
4 Months
<ul>
<li>Holds head steady without support when you are holding her</li>
<li>Holds a toy when you put it in his hand</li>
<li>Uses her arm to swing at toys</li>
<li>Brings hands to mouth</li>
<li>Pushes up onto elbows/forearms when on tummy</li>
</ul>
6 Months
<ul>
<li>Rolls from tummy to back</li>
<li>Pushes up with straight arms when on tummy</li>
<li>Leans on hands to support himself when sitting</li>
</ul>
9 Months
<ul>
<li>Gets to a sitting position by herself</li>
<li>Moves things from one hand to her other hand</li>
<li>Uses fingers to “rake” food towards himself</li>
<li>Sits without support</li>
</ul>
1 Year
<ul>
<li>Pulls up to stand</li>
<li>Walks, holding on to furniture</li>
<li>Drinks from a cup without a lid, as you hold it</li>
<li>Picks things up between thumb and pointer finger, like small bits of food</li>
</ul>
15 Months
<ul>
<li>Takes a few steps on his own</li>
<li>Uses fingers to feed herself some food</li>
</ul>
18 Months
<ul>
<li>Walks without holding on to anyone or anything</li>
<li>Scribbles</li>
<li>Drinks from a cup without a lid and may spill sometimes</li>
<li>Feeds herself with her fingers</li>
<li>Tries to use a spoon</li>
<li>Climbs on and off a couch or chair without help</li>
</ul>
2 Years
<ul>
<li>Kicks a ball</li>
<li>Runs</li>
<li>Walks (not climbs) up a few stairs with or without help</li>
<li>Eats with a spoon</li>
</ul>
30 Months
<ul>
<li>Uses hands to twist things, like turning doorknobs or unscrewing lids</li>
<li>Takes some clothes off by himself, like loose pants or an open jacket</li>
<li>Jumps off the ground with both feet</li>
<li>Turns book pages, one at a time, when you read to her</li>
</ul>
3 Years
<ul>
<li>Strings items together, like large beads or macaroni</li>
<li>Puts on some clothes by himself, like loose pants or a jacket</li>
<li>Uses a fork</li>
</ul>
4 Years
<ul>
<li>Catches a large ball most of the time</li>
<li>Serves himself food or pours water, with adult supervision</li>
<li>Unbuttons some buttons</li>
<li>Holds crayon or pencil between fingers and thumb (not a fist)</li>
</ul>
5 Years
<ul>
<li>Buttons some buttons</li>
<li>Hops on one foot</li>
</ul>
<blockquote>
The milestone of crawling was removed from the newly updated milestones. The reason is that many healthy babies skip the crawling process and move straight to standing and walking.
</blockquote>
Although some disagree with the new milestones, the CDC update doesn’t reflect a downgrade in children’s development standards but a change in the strategy of developmental surveillance.
The most important thing is parents and therapists to be aware and well informed of the child's development and be ready to spot possible delays and difficulties.
From the Synopsis app,
Angelina Chatzaki, Occupational Therapist

Motor Developmental Milestones

<h1>Speech and language milestones</h1>
Each child, even within the same family, has his or her own rate of language development. There are some variations in language abilities between children of the same age, but there are some basic developmental milestones.
Below are the milestones from the age of 1 month to 5 years, as listed by the American Speech-Language-Hearing Association.
Birth to 6 Months
<ul>
<li>Quiets or smiles when you talk.</li>
<li>Seems to recognize your voice.</li>
<li>Quiets if crying.</li>
<li>Makes cooing sounds.</li>
<li>Cries change for different needs.</li>
<li>Smiles at people.</li>
<li>Moves her eyes in the direction of sounds.</li>
<li>Responds to changes in your tone of voice.</li>
<li>Notices toys that make sounds.</li>
<li>Pays attention to music.</li>
<li>Coos and babbles when playing alone or with you.</li>
<li>Makes speech-like babbling sounds, like pa, ba, and mi.</li>
<li>Makes sounds when happy or upset.</li>
</ul>
7 Months to 1 Year
<ul>
<li>Turns and looks in the direction of sounds.</li>
<li>Looks when you point.</li>
<li>Turns when you call her name.</li>
<li>Understands words for common items and people—words like cup, truck, juice, and daddy.</li>
<li>Starts to respond to simple words and phrases, like “No,” “Come here,” and “Want more?”</li>
<li>Plays games with you, like peek-a-boo and pat-a-cake.</li>
<li>Listens to songs and stories for a short time.</li>
<li>Babbles long strings of sounds, like mimi upup babababa.</li>
<li>Uses sounds and gestures to get and keep attention.</li>
<li>Points to objects and shows them to others.</li>
<li>Uses gestures like waving bye, reaching for “up,” and shaking his head no.</li>
<li>Imitates different speech sounds.</li>
<li>Says 1 or 2 words, like hi, dog, dada, mama, or uh-oh. This will happen around his first birthday, but sounds may not be clear.</li>
</ul>
One to Two Years
<ul>
<li>Points to a few body parts when you ask.</li>
<li>Follows 1-part directions, like &quot;Roll the ball&quot; or &quot;Kiss the baby.&quot;</li>
<li>Responds to simple questions, like “Who’s that?” or “Where’s your shoe?”</li>
<li>Listens to simple stories, songs, and rhymes.</li>
<li>Points to pictures in a book when you name them.</li>
<li>Uses a lot of new words.</li>
<li>Uses p, b, m, h, and w in words.</li>
<li>Starts to name pictures in books.</li>
<li>Asks questions, like “What's that?”, “Who’s that?”, and “Where’s kitty?”</li>
<li>Puts 2 words together, like &quot;more apple,&quot; &quot;no bed,&quot; and &quot;mommy book.&quot;</li>
</ul>
Two to Three Years
<ul>
<li>Understands opposites, like go–stop, big–little, and up–down.</li>
<li>Follows 2-part directions, like &quot;Get the spoon and put it on the table.&quot;</li>
<li>Understands new words quickly.</li>
<li>Has a word for almost everything.</li>
<li>Talks about things that are not in the room.</li>
<li>Uses k, g, f, t, d, and n in words.</li>
<li>Uses words like in, on, and under.</li>
<li>Uses two- or three- words to talk about and ask for things.</li>
<li>People who know your child can understand him.</li>
<li>Asks “Why?”</li>
<li>Puts 3 words together to talk about things. May repeat some words and sounds.</li>
</ul>
Three to Four Years
<ul>
<li>Responds when you call from another room.</li>
<li>Understands words for some colors, shapes and family members</li>
<li>Answers simple who, what, and where questions.</li>
<li>Says rhyming words, like hat–cat.</li>
<li>Uses pronouns, like I, you, me, we, and they.</li>
<li>Uses some plural words, like toys, birds, and buses.</li>
<li>Most people understand what your child says.</li>
<li>Asks when and how questions.</li>
<li>Puts 4 words together. May make some mistakes, like “I goed to school.”</li>
<li>Talks about what happened during the day. Uses about 4 sentences at a time.</li>
</ul>
Four to Five Years
<ul>
<li>Understands words for order, like first, next, and last.</li>
<li>Understands words for time, like yesterday, today, and tomorrow.</li>
<li>Follows longer directions, like “Put your pajamas on, brush your teeth, and then pick out a book.”</li>
<li>Follows classroom directions, like “Draw a circle on your paper around something you eat.”</li>
<li>Hears and understands most of what she hears at home and in school.</li>
<li>Says all speech sounds in words. May make mistakes on sounds that are harder to say, like l, s, r, v, z, ch, sh, and th.</li>
<li>Responds to “What did you say?”</li>
<li>Talks without repeating sounds or words most of the time.</li>
<li>Names letters and numbers.</li>
<li>Uses sentences that have more than 1 action word, like jump, play, and get. May make some mistakes, like “Zach gots 2 video games, but I got one.”</li>
<li>Tells a short story.</li>
<li>Keeps a conversation going.</li>
<li>Talks in different ways, depending on the listener and place. Your child may use short sentences with younger children. He may talk louder outside than inside.</li>
</ul>
These stages are indicative, but they are an important guide that speech and language therapists should necessarily be aware of.
Knowledge of these stages is essential for proper assessment and information for parents.
From the Synopsis Team